Tomorrow, Claude Garcia, professor at the Bern University of Applied Sciences, research associate at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and co-founder of the Planet C collective, will speak at the SIAL CSR Summit
In an exclusive interview with SIAL Daily, Dr Garcia discusses the complex links between deforestation and agriculture, emphasising the urgent need for companies to adopt responsible practices to mitigate their environmental impacts.
What are the main links between deforestation and the agri-food industry, and how do they influence companies’ CSR policies?
Agriculture is the primary driver of global deforestation, with both large-scale agribusiness and small-scale farming contributing almost equally. For example, in Borneo in the last 20 years, 40% of the palm oil led deforestation is due to small holders, and 40% comes from large agribusiness projects.
It’s crucial for all stakeholders to understand the direct and indirect consequences of their actions. Everyone impacts this system, but not all have the same power or capacity for change. 2 to 4 million hectares of forest are lost annually to agriculture without increasing agricultural production, highlighting the need for better project planning and strategic decisions.
What practices can agri-food companies adopt to reduce their impact on deforestation?
Unfortunately, the simplest solutions are often the least effective. Ensuring that only those who avoid deforestation are part of your value chain can be effective, but this approach can also push others into marginal areas, worsening the problem.
We need to distinguish between the deforestation chosen by those who can do otherwise and the deforestation suffered by those who do not have the means to do otherwise. Forcing the former may make sense. Supporting the latter is necessary.
Practices can be counter-intuitive and require us to put ourselves in other people’s shoes, and suggest solutions that will help them rather than constrain them. Thinking about what they need, and less about what we want. We can’t avoid thinking about the system as a whole. Dialogue and listening are essential.
Deforestation is not inevitable or a necessary evil. Addressing the complexity of the territories where you operate requires time, resources, and new alliances.
Can you share examples of successful strategies or initiatives by companies to improve their environmental impact regarding deforestation?
The palm oil industry, led by Nestlé, has made notable efforts in Indonesia and Malaysia, although the pulp and paper industry continues to pose challenges.
One effective initiative in the soy sector involves low-interest loans for farmers who could deforest but choose not to. However, the long-term sustainability of such programmes is uncertain. NGOs buying land to prevent deforestation works, but is costly and raises concerns about “green colonialism.”
Collaborative efforts, like the Alliance for the Preservation of Forests, or partnerships such as The Earthworm Foundation are crucial for collective learning and experimentation.
What key message would you like to convey to agri-food industry leaders about the urgency of addressing deforestation?
Actions now matter more than motives. Regardless of why you are reconsidering your company’s role in deforestation, acting with determination and intelligence can improve on-the-ground conditions and secure your company’s future.
You can make a difference. Significant progress is possible. Deforestation is not inevitable or a necessary evil. Addressing the complexity of the territories where you operate requires time, resources, and new alliances.
Understanding deforestation
Claude Garcia has made significant contributions to understanding the complexities of forest governance. His work, which spans tropical regions with global implications, initially centred on measuring biodiversity and its changes. Over time, his focus shifted to agricultural practices, supply chains, and the decision-making processes behind them. Dr Garcia emphasises that to halt deforestation, it is crucial to comprehend its underlying causes.
Dr Garcia’s research delves into the reasons and drivers behind the decisions people make regarding cutting, protecting, and restoring forests. He has developed strategy games, reminiscent of chess or Go, where players make decisions that impact resources, landscapes, and other players. One such game, Planet C – Play Again, allows individuals and groups to recognise the biases and limitations in their decision-making, promoting better collective management. This innovative approach highlights the importance of understanding human behaviour in efforts to conserve and sustainably manage natural resources.
CSR Summit
From words to deeds: how to remove the obstacles to transition?
Sunday, 20 October
3:00p.m. – 3:35p.m.
SIAL Summits – Hall 5A